Corn Shelling Machine – its Design and Fabrication

Corn Shelling Machine  – its  Design and Fabrication

Corn Shelling Machine  – The increasing usage of corn makes it imperative and significant for the designing of corn shelling machine to enables it for a large quantity production. The previous various ways of shelling corn such as hand method lacks merit and requires so many time consume for one to shell a basket of corn, let alone when it is requested for mass shelling production, it would consume many hours, days, and even weeks to effect any appreciable size or quantity of shelled corn.

Owing to this backdrop, it is therefore vital that the using of corn shelling machine will contribute immensely in our society today especially in the Area of mass production for shelling and marketing purpose at lesser prices. In brevity, the essence of advancing from manual hand shelling method into machine shelling is due to various deficiency and limitations in the Area of time and cost requirement. The New method vividly and clearly adjudicate the problem of the former methods adopted, though still in us.

HAND SHELLING METHOD OF CORN

Hand shelling or peeling of corn is facilitated by its physical property. The dry and wet corn can be shelled depending on what purpose it will meant for. Thus techniques of hand shelling is very tedious, time consuming and vigorous. It requires more (30 – 45) minutes to peel cob of corn of about 20g.

DIRECT LINKAGE METHOD AND ITS LIMITATION.

The linkage method uses and intergral component part (Both mechanical and Electrical Parameters) set up in such a manner a pulley was exchanged, setting the system into excessive shaft speed due to the direct linkage with the motor

In this case the shaft will maintain the same speed as the motor, which stands as its limitation. The speed shaft rotation will alter the shelling objection and purpose to the crushing and squeezing process there by reducing and decreasing the efficiency at the corn shelling process.

We therefore refused the progressing and processing of this sort of design consideration for modern usage due to the following set backs, deficiencies and limitations such as

1)    Creation of excessive shaft speed due to direct linkage with the motor, which means that the shaft will maintain the same speed as the motor.

2)    There is too much shaft exposure which is stands as constructional defect as it can caught in contact with flying wears to create and result to detrimental injuries / damage to the operators body.

3)    This design is prone to immense vibration due to direct linkage of motor to the shaft without pulley and belt attachment to reduce the speedy rotation

Indeed, these are serious problems that require rapt attention and constructional modifications to meet the modern standard. Then it is with the regards of the above limitations that we decided to consider and construct another design that will totally criminates and greatly reduce those serious problems associated with the first design which means now contriving.

a)                 A way of regulating the rotational speed of shaft in relation to the motor speed.

b)                Providing the protection of the exposed shaft and flanges

c)                 A means of reducing or eliminating the vibration completely

We made provision for the motor seating built to the base of the body at suitable position for effective operation. These made the machine more compatibly arranged for portable design – making the outfit inform of rectangular box casing with four square pipe legs. This design also entails providing a separate mounting arrangement for the electric motor that drives the system there by completing the design and rendering it portably zero.

REFINED DESIGN METHOD AND ITS SPECIFICATIONS

In the approval and modern design, the high rotational speed of the shaft of the previous design as result of linkage of the shaft to the motor is adequately taken care of by the introduction of use of pulleys and belt to drive the shaft, this result to good speedy reduction mechanism for the corn Sheller.

To achieve this, we run the belt through a large pulley keyed on one side of the corn Sheller shaft and a smaller one fixed to the motor (Electrical type) taking into consideration the distance between the motor and shaft. By this arrangement we gain a situation where by the large pulley runs at reduced speed compared to the small pulley.

The schematic design diagram below illustrates the use of pulley and belt that aid in the reduction of the speed of the Sheller shaft assumed to be too high in the first case.

At the present it is noticed that it is only the pulley and belt that are exposed and to cheek this, a transparent plastic frame should have been incorporated in the form of housing. This provision makes for the protection of the operators from risk of body contact with the rotating belt. But however, this transparent plastic cover meant to house the pulley and. Belt mechanism did not appear in the design due to Economic reasons and its advantage as follows:

1)                To maximized visibility in case of Belt slippage

2)                To avoid Belt failure because of contact of belt with plastic

The pulley arrangement is made by keying style for easy replacement and repairs. And this arrangement of pulley with each other and based support provision eliminate vibrations to greater degree.

DESIGN SPECIFICATION

To achieve optimum function of this corn-shelling device proper consideration and scrutinization were made to specify and identify certain problems which hinder effective performance as in the former machines then effort was put to identify the factors and constraint as stipulated below

FUNCTIONABILITY

The machine should shell corn without frani crust of damage it will be able to shell a baskets of corn containing not less than 100 corn cobs in a minute. It must be able to shell corm grain very well to obtain its construeional purpose. This is done to know the performance of the machine.

RELIABILITY

The reliability is above average i.e (60%) the corn shelling machine must be reliable in sense that it must discharge its duty very well and it does it easily got spoiled.

DURABILITY

The corn shelling machine should have fairly long life i.e (30 years). In other words, it must be able to last long. The direction must be long.

SIMPLICITY

This corn-shelling machine should be of

a)     Low in price

b)    High and small size

c)     Easy to operate

d)    Easy to maintain

e)     Have readily available spare parts

f)      Marketable

PORTABILITY AND SPACE

The machine should be portable so that it can be transferred from one place to the other. It should not occupy large space. The machine must be something one can carry and it should not have much space to occupy. This is what made it to be portable and occupy less space.

OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

No specialization skill of experience is required for its operation.

Siritch “ON” the power sources the Electric motor so that it drives the pilley to rotate the shaft i.e. to set the whole system working. Enter the corn into the hopper to flow into the shelling chamber. The electric motor rotates that shaft and also the spike, which does the main barrel, shelled the corn and comes out through the discharging chamber/outlet.

POWER SUPPLIER.

The corn shelling machines uses electricity As soon as you plug it in electricity the power firstly goes to the electric motor that transmit the motion to the pulley that makes the whole system to work.

MATERIAL AND LABOUR NEEDS.

The basic materials for the machine are the ball bearings shaft, pulley, electric motor, and dies, slat material. 1×1 square pipe, spike rod, spinning shaft, belt and nuts, roller sect for barrel, (inner barred) wire and paint readily. The labour is limited to the ones available in an integral mechanical engineering. Some jobs are done on rolling machine, drilling machine and welding machine. We use (AC) welding machine and Guage 12 Electrode is used.

MAINTENANCE

The machine should not require frequent maintenance accept in the bearing, which requires periodic lubrication to avoid over heating of bearing and seizure of the surface, hence leading to burnt of electric motor.

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 This article was extracted from a Project Research Work Topic “THE DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A CORN SHELLING MACHINE “

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